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Taliban in Afghanistan

by Admin 5th October 2019
5th October 2019
Taliban in Afghanistan

Afghanistan in post-1990s 

In Afghanistan 1992, Najibullah government backed by USSR came to an end. Under Peshawar accord, Burhanuddin Rabbani and Mujahideen came together to form government in Afghanistan. Gulbuddin Hikmatyar (group – Hazb-e-Islami) opposed Rabbani government. 

Also Read https://polscienceweb.com/index.php/2019/09/25/cold-war/

How Pakistan came into the picture? It’s role?

With the end of the cold war, US lost interest in Afghanistan, leaving it as a strategic backyard for Pakistan. ISI and Pakistani army supported Hikmatyar to launch a civil war against Rabbani government which was rendered weak due to lack of financial and other assistance from US. 

Formation of Taliban in Afghanistan

Taliban,  a group of militants who later on turned religious fanatics was a creation of Pakistani army and ISI. It is alleged that Taliban were deployed by Pakistan’s on two fronts – towards its East in Indian Kashmir as jihadis (fighting for the inclusion of Kashmir in Pakistan) and towards its West in Afghanistan to fight against Rabbani government.

During this period Afghanistan faced large scale violence. Taliban had a great influence in South Afghanistan and in 1994 took control of Kandahar and started politico-religious movement in this region. So mujahideen’s government was confined to North Afghanistan with Kabul as the centre. Later on, Pakistan supported Taliban and ignored Hikmatyar.

In 1996, Taliban took control of Kabul. Mujahideen government formed the Northern Alliance and shifted to North-East. Afghanistan and Taliban started sharia rule and was assisted by Al-Qaeda.

The decade since US and its allies invaded Afghanistan 

2001 – US and British forces begin airstrikes in Afghanistan after the Taliban refuses to hand over  Al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden following the September 11 terrorist attack. 

Taliban fighters abandon Kabul after weeks of air assaults. Anti-Taliban Northern Alliance Mujahideen enter the Afghan capital.

Taliban stronghold Kandahar falls as US forces move in. Bin Laden and Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar escape.

2002 – Hamid Karzai is elected as head of the state of the new Interim Government.

2003 – NATO assumes leadership of the international military operations in Afghanistan in what is the Alliance’s first mission beyond the Euro Atlantic area.

2004 – A council of elders ratifies a new constitution, making Afghanistan an Islamic State. Karzai wins Afghanistan’s first presidential election with 55% of the vote.

2005 – The first parliamentary and provincial elections in more than 20 years occur

2006 – Operation “Mountain Thrust” is the largest allied military action since 2001, involving 2,300 Us soldiers. NATO takes control of security operations throughout all of Afghanistan, taking over command in the east from a US-led coalition force.

2007 – With the insurgency flaring up, NATO and US forces run operation “ACHILLES” a massive action against the Taliban in the restive Helmand Province. The campaign seeks to reclaim the area so President Hamid Karzai’s government can expand its reach.

2008 – President Bush orders an increase of 5000 troops in Afghanistan. It reflects a shift in US military priorities away from IRAQ.

2009 – Barack Obama is sworn in as US president. Karzai bows to intense US pressure and agrees to a run-off election. He is later declared the winner. President Obama outlines his decision to rapidly expand the US role in the war in Afghanistan.

2010 – Operation “Moshtarak” targets Taliban havens in Helmand province. Approx 94000 US forces were serving in Afghanistan. 

2011 – Obama announces Afghanistan troops withdrawal

Taliban in Afghanistan
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—— Fushimi Inari Shrine Kyoto, Japan Torii ga ——
Fushimi Inari Shrine Kyoto, Japan

Torii gate is a traditional Japanese gate, often painted bright red -orange in colour. It symbolically marks the transition from ordinary space to sacred. 

Pic 3 is a souvenir from Japan with wishes written on it. Torri stands for sacredness. 

The primary reason most foreign visitors come to Fushimi Inari shrine is to explore the mountain trails, but shrine buildings are also attractive.

For the article (with a map image of the shrine), link in bio or copy-paste
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#japan #japanese #travel #travelgram #travelphotography #sacred #shrine #tourism #kyoto #instagramjapan #beautiful #souvenir #instagood #vacation #instatravel #explore #travelling #adventure #visitjapan
--- United States presidential election and impeac ---
United States presidential election and impeachment process 

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#news #president #election #america #usa #unitedstates #blog #politics #republican #democrat #study #studygram #washington #blogger #facts #knowledge #gk #currentaffairs #fact #truth
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United States presidential election and impeachment process

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---- Can one single idea solve the riddle of the h ----
Can one single idea solve the riddle of the human experience? Marx inspired one of the most rigid ideologies in history.

Karl Marx - Defining Communism - For the complete article link in bio or copy paste 
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---- COMING SOON #politics #history #ideology # ----

COMING SOON 

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—— Russian Revolution - How could the mighty r ——
Russian Revolution - How could the mighty royal family of Russia, the Romanov dynasty, the tsars that had control over everything, that lasted for 300 years, fall ?

At the heart of Russian revolution lay a very personal battle between Lenin’s family and the royal family. What actually happened..... one wonders...

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—— 427 – 347 BC – Plato is known as the fa ——
427 – 347 BC – Plato is known as the father of political philosophy – Plato was a significant figure in Ancient Greece. His greatest student, Aristotle, was as influential as he was.

Pic 4 - Plato and Aristotle
Pic 5 - Ancient Athens 
Pic 6 - Athens Today

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—— Courage is fear that has said it’s prayer ——
Courage is fear that has said it’s prayers

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—— GST in India - explained with example - Goo ——
GST in India - explained with example - Goods and Service Tax 
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—— ( 📷 teamLab ) teamLab is taking over Ib —— 
( 📷 teamLab )
teamLab is taking over Ibaraki’s Kairakuen Garden for two months in early 2021. The Japanese garden will be filled with teamLab installations from Feb to March. 

It will transform the garden into an interactive art space that constantly shifts and changes according to the number of people passing through.

teamLab Borderless is a different level of next generation creativity at the display. People visiting Japan must go and see this modern art. Illusions interact with you. 

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