{"id":3830,"date":"2021-03-12T08:33:55","date_gmt":"2021-03-12T08:33:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/?p=3830"},"modified":"2022-06-03T11:34:36","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T06:04:36","slug":"world-trade-organisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/index.php\/world-trade-organisation\/","title":{"rendered":"Everything about World Trade Organisation (WTO) &#8211; Watch Animated video"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"epyt-video-wrapper\"><iframe  id=\"_ytid_35969\"  width=\"1170\" height=\"658\"  data-origwidth=\"1170\" data-origheight=\"658\"  data-relstop=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lmhi4sCCiMQ?enablejsapi=1&#038;autoplay=0&#038;cc_load_policy=0&#038;cc_lang_pref=&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;loop=0&#038;rel=0&#038;fs=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autohide=2&#038;theme=dark&#038;color=red&#038;controls=1&#038;disablekb=0&#038;\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:64px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>WTO<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; Body responsible for overseeing the rules of international trade.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">Established in 1995<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">Headquarters  are in Geneva, Switzerland<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">164 members<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">WTO has introduced a new&nbsp;<strong>World Trade Outlook Indicator (WTOI) to&nbsp;<\/strong>provide real-time information on Trends in global trade<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">The highest decision-making body of the WTO is the Ministerial Conference, which usually&nbsp;<strong>meets every two years<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>Purpose of WTO&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">The volume in international trade has become so big that it has become imperative to create an institution that can establish a rule of law in international trade. WTO provides a platform for the settlement of the dispute otherwise, the alternative is war.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/800px-WTO2005.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3835\" width=\"462\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/800px-WTO2005.png 800w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/800px-WTO2005-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/800px-WTO2005-768x470.png 768w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/800px-WTO2005-585x358.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\" \/><figcaption><strong>WTO IN 2005 &#8211; Image: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:WTO2005.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Source<\/a><br>WTO is the successor to GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) GATT is just a set of treaties, whereas WTO creates institutions. Coverage of GATT was limited to trade of goods, whereas WTO has included trade in services, IPR (Intellectual Property Rights), agriculture, and textile.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>Philosophy of WTO<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">It is based on the philosophy of free trade i.e neoliberalism. The theory of free international trade is based on the theory of comparative advantage given by Ricardo.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">What is comparative advantage theory?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">It suggests that one should go for producing where one can be most efficient and to import from those which are efficient at their work. It will have multiple benefits. It will develop interdependence, the best utilization of resources, more economic growth as it will provide for a bigger market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>Institutions of WTO&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">1. Ministerial Council &#8211; Highest decision-making body<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">2. General council &#8211; It is like a secretariat&nbsp;<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">3. Dispute Settlement Body<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">4. Trade Policy Review Board<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>WTO Principles<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">The objective is to create free trade. To make boundaries irrelevant.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">The important WTO principle is \u201c<strong>trade without discrimination<\/strong>\u201d which includes MFN (Most favored nation) status and national treatment.&nbsp;<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">According to<strong>&nbsp;MFN,&nbsp;<\/strong>a trade concession granted to one WTO member should automatically apply to all other members.&nbsp;<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>National Treatment&nbsp;<\/strong>guarantees that both domestic and foreign suppliers must be treated equally.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>WTO Procedure<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">The decision is by consensus.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">WTO has two types of agreements- Multilateral&nbsp; and Plurilateral<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">WTO is of special significance for developing and smaller countries. The reason is that they have equal power with respect to decision-making. It is better because on their own they will not be able to bargain. Besides, WTO also links trade with development.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>WTO Agreements&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">Agreement on agriculture<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">Agreement in goods<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">Agreement in services<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">Agreement in IPR<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">Agreement in Investment Measures (TRIMS)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">The present agreements are the outcomes of 8 rounds of talks known as the Uruguay Round of talks.<br>Finally, WTO came into existence in 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Analysis of working of WTO<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">Within few years of its existence, the negative consequences of WTO principles became evident. It resulted in the rise of the counter-movement led by public intellectuals and civil society groups, for example against the Global Economic forum emerged World Socialist Forum. Even liberal scholars became critical because of the lack of inclusive and balanced growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>Why WTO agreements have resulted in an adverse impact on developing nations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">At the time when the Uruguay round of talks was taking place, developing countries had limited experience in trade talks and lacked legal expertise to understand the complex agreements. They failed to understand the consequences of the agreement they have entered into. Now developing countries insist on revising the trade agreements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">It was not even possible to conduct the meetings of WTO, and that is why members of the WTO had to acknowledge the primacy of development over trade. Thus emerged&nbsp;<strong>Doha Development Round&nbsp;<\/strong>in 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">It is to be noted that the Doha round of talks is a development round rather than trade. However, developed countries have been trying to give priority to trade over development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">But in the Nairobi ministerial meet in 2015, developed countries had insisted that new approaches are needed to have any meaningful multilateral talks. There is no formal collapse of the Doha round but an effective collapse of the Doha round of talks at Nairobi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/800px-WTO_members_and_observers.svg.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3836\" width=\"607\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/800px-WTO_members_and_observers.svg.png 800w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/800px-WTO_members_and_observers.svg-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/800px-WTO_members_and_observers.svg-768x390.png 768w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/800px-WTO_members_and_observers.svg-585x297.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screenshot-2021-03-04-at-6.51.35-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3838\" width=\"374\" height=\"99\" srcset=\"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screenshot-2021-03-04-at-6.51.35-PM.png 374w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screenshot-2021-03-04-at-6.51.35-PM-300x79.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 374px) 100vw, 374px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>Factors affecting WTO today&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">-New areas to be covered such as E-commerce.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">-Developing nations concerns with more knowledge.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">-The trade war between China and the USA shows indiscriminate imposition of tariffs that are inconsistent with the WTO rules. It has dented WTO credibility.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">-Since the pace of negotiations is slow in WTO, countries are forming new trading regimes like RCEP.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">-Due to COVID19, countries are forced to impose export bans and restrictions. It can result in trade disputes in the future.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">-Moreover, global tendencies are shifting towards de-globalization and reverse globalization. WTO may experience some change too.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WTO is important for developing countries especially, smaller countries.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">International Trade of WTO members now exceeds 90% of the global trade. WTO has played a key role in tariff reduction. Despite achievements, WTO has often been criticized on the grounds that it interferes with national sovereignty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"428\" height=\"599\" src=\"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/428px-Okonjo-Iweala_Ngozi_2008_portrait.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3837\" srcset=\"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/428px-Okonjo-Iweala_Ngozi_2008_portrait.jpg 428w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/428px-Okonjo-Iweala_Ngozi_2008_portrait-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala as its new director-general &#8211; making her the first woman and first African to hold the role.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:51px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/timelab-pro-sWOvgOOFk1g-unsplash-1024x545.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3828\" width=\"665\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/timelab-pro-sWOvgOOFk1g-unsplash-1024x545.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/timelab-pro-sWOvgOOFk1g-unsplash-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/timelab-pro-sWOvgOOFk1g-unsplash-768x409.jpg 768w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/timelab-pro-sWOvgOOFk1g-unsplash-1536x817.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/timelab-pro-sWOvgOOFk1g-unsplash-2048x1089.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/timelab-pro-sWOvgOOFk1g-unsplash-1170x622.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><figcaption>Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@timelabpro?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Timelab Pro<\/a> on <a href=\"\/s\/photos\/cargo?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Unsplash<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"font-size: 18.5px; text-align: justify;\">For the comprehensive report on international organizations of the world \u2013 click&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/polscienceweb.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/07\/international-organisations-list\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>WTO&nbsp;&#8211; Body responsible for overseeing the rules of international trade.&nbsp; Established in 1995 Headquarters are&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3829,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"video","meta":{"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31,331],"tags":[306,303,305,301,300,299,304,302,307],"class_list":["post-3830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-video","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-international-organisations","category-polscienceweb-videos","tag-international-economics","tag-international-organisation","tag-role-of-wto","tag-what-is-wto","tag-world-trade-organization","tag-wto","tag-wto-box-subsidies","tag-wto-explained","tag-wto-international-organisation","post_format-post-format-video"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Everything about World Trade Organisation (WTO) - Watch Animated video<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"World Trade Organisation - Body responsible for overseeing the rules of international trade. 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