Politics Science News
  • Home
  • Topics
    • Economics In pictures India Intl. Organisations Theory / Facts World World History All
      Economics

      GST explained with examples – Goods and Services…

      3rd January 2021

      Economics

      Slow Down In Indian Economy

      10th October 2019

      Economics

      Venezuela Crisis

      12th September 2019

      Economics

      Currency Wars ( beggar-thy-neighbour policy )

      12th September 2019

      In pictures

      World War 2 Summary (1939 to 1945)

      9th July 2020

      In pictures

      World War I – 1914-1918

      30th June 2020

      India

      GST explained with examples – Goods and Services…

      3rd January 2021

      India

      UN honours Kerala health Minister K.K Shailaja –…

      4th July 2020

      India

      Slow Down In Indian Economy

      10th October 2019

      India

      India – Pakistan War History Till Now

      20th September 2019

      Intl. Organisations

      United Nations Organization

      8th December 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      What is IMF? – International Monetary Fund

      24th November 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      What is OPEC?

      17th November 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      International Organisations List

      7th October 2020

      Theory / Facts

      Karl Marx – Defining Communism

      17th January 2021

      Theory / Facts

      Who was Plato?

      6th January 2021

      Theory / Facts

      Who is Confucius? Confucius Quotes and Teachings

      22nd December 2020

      Theory / Facts

      Evolution of Western Political Thought

      19th December 2020

      World

      US President Election and Impeachment Process

      20th January 2021

      World

      Israel Palestine Conflict

      21st October 2020

      World

      Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict

      9th October 2020

      World

      South Korea vs North Korea

      12th September 2020

      World History

      Russian Revolution

      10th January 2021

      World History

      The Soviet Union Collapse and End of Cold…

      30th December 2020

      World History

      French Revolution – What happened?

      3rd December 2020

      World History

      American Revolution Summary

      28th November 2020

      Topics

      US President Election and Impeachment Process

      20th January 2021

      Topics

      Karl Marx – Defining Communism

      17th January 2021

      Topics

      Russian Revolution

      10th January 2021

      Topics

      Who was Plato?

      6th January 2021

  • Intl. Organisations
    • Intl. Organisations

      United Nations Organization

      8th December 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      What is IMF? – International Monetary Fund

      24th November 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      What is OPEC?

      17th November 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      International Organisations List

      7th October 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      European Union

      20th October 2019

  • Travel
  • Personalities
  • Miscellaneous
Popular
US President Election and Impeachment Process
Karl Marx – Defining Communism
Russian Revolution
Who was Plato?
GST explained with examples – Goods and Services tax
The Soviet Union Collapse and End of Cold War
CRISPR Nobel Prize 2020 – What is it and What is next?
Who is Confucius? Confucius Quotes and Teachings
Evolution of Western Political Thought
Best Animated Movies
Politics Science News
  • Home
  • Topics
    • Economics In pictures India Intl. Organisations Theory / Facts World World History All
      Economics

      GST explained with examples – Goods and Services…

      3rd January 2021

      Economics

      Slow Down In Indian Economy

      10th October 2019

      Economics

      Venezuela Crisis

      12th September 2019

      Economics

      Currency Wars ( beggar-thy-neighbour policy )

      12th September 2019

      In pictures

      World War 2 Summary (1939 to 1945)

      9th July 2020

      In pictures

      World War I – 1914-1918

      30th June 2020

      India

      GST explained with examples – Goods and Services…

      3rd January 2021

      India

      UN honours Kerala health Minister K.K Shailaja –…

      4th July 2020

      India

      Slow Down In Indian Economy

      10th October 2019

      India

      India – Pakistan War History Till Now

      20th September 2019

      Intl. Organisations

      United Nations Organization

      8th December 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      What is IMF? – International Monetary Fund

      24th November 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      What is OPEC?

      17th November 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      International Organisations List

      7th October 2020

      Theory / Facts

      Karl Marx – Defining Communism

      17th January 2021

      Theory / Facts

      Who was Plato?

      6th January 2021

      Theory / Facts

      Who is Confucius? Confucius Quotes and Teachings

      22nd December 2020

      Theory / Facts

      Evolution of Western Political Thought

      19th December 2020

      World

      US President Election and Impeachment Process

      20th January 2021

      World

      Israel Palestine Conflict

      21st October 2020

      World

      Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict

      9th October 2020

      World

      South Korea vs North Korea

      12th September 2020

      World History

      Russian Revolution

      10th January 2021

      World History

      The Soviet Union Collapse and End of Cold…

      30th December 2020

      World History

      French Revolution – What happened?

      3rd December 2020

      World History

      American Revolution Summary

      28th November 2020

      Topics

      US President Election and Impeachment Process

      20th January 2021

      Topics

      Karl Marx – Defining Communism

      17th January 2021

      Topics

      Russian Revolution

      10th January 2021

      Topics

      Who was Plato?

      6th January 2021

  • Intl. Organisations
    • Intl. Organisations

      United Nations Organization

      8th December 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      What is IMF? – International Monetary Fund

      24th November 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      What is OPEC?

      17th November 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      International Organisations List

      7th October 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      European Union

      20th October 2019

  • Travel
  • Personalities
  • Miscellaneous
IndiaWorld History

India – Pakistan War History Till Now

by Admin 20th September 2019
20th September 2019
india pakistan war

India – Pakistan 1947-1948 War 

India Pakistan war of 1947-1948 – Issue of Kashmir was the bone of contention between India and Pakistan. Kashmir which was dominated by the Muslim population ultimately acceded to India in 1947 which was a secular state with a population of Hindu majority. 

After the war, India threatened to stop the water flow going to Pakistan. Due to which Pakistan panicked and went to the United Nations. As a result, Indus treaty was signed in 1960. According to this treaty total of six rivers were divided between India and Pakistan with upper rivers Chenab, Jhelum, Indus given to Pakistan and Ravi, Beas and Sutlej to India. Jawaharlal Nehru, then prime minister of India went to United Nations for resolution of Kashmir issue. United Nations did not respond as expected. It was a mistake by Jawaharlal Nehru to go to United Nations as he ignored geopolitical reality. UNSC was a platform for rivalry between the US and USSR. US taking the side of Pakistan forced UNSC to treat Kashmir as a disputed territory.

RIVERS SHARING

India Pakistan war 1965

It was fought on 2 fronts:-

1. Rann of Kutch – Dispute over territorial claims of both countries over Kutch. Pakistan claimed it as part of the Sind province. This problem was settled with the mediation of UK under the insistence of US.

      Why US did not intervene directly in the conflict?

  • US wanted to have good economic relations with India which were evident from US support  (arms) to India during India – China 1962 war.

  • At that time, cold war was experiencing a period of detente (peace) and such in a situation even a slight direct presence of US in Asian land would have triggered direct conflict with USSR.

The result was that 90% of land Rann of Kutch went to India and 300 sq. miles went to Pakistan.

Rann of Kutch

2. Kashmir – Indian army fought with Pakistani army and defeated them. Not only this, Indian army reached Lahore but ultimately returned back without taking any benefit. This was ended with Tashkent agreement with the help of Russia. War of 1965 was a victory of Indian forces in the battlefield but this agreement was a defeat of Indian officials in diplomacy. Lal Bahadur Shastri died due to heart attack in Tashkent itself.

India Pakistan war 1971

Liberation of Bangladesh – Reason of Dispute between West Pakistan and East Pakistan (Bangladesh):-

  1. Suppression of Bengali culture in East Pakistan (Bangladesh) by rulers of West Pakistan.

  2. The imposition of Urdu over Bengali  (All Muslims in Bangladesh speak Bengali)

  3. Status of secondary citizen to people of East Pakistan

  4. Political subjugation at the hands of West Pakistan.

Therefore, a rift between East and West Pakistan

  • Under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rehman, Mukti Bahini Movement was started for the liberation of Bangladesh.

  • Pakistani army entered East Pakistan and committed atrocities on the people in the form of massacres, rapes etc.

  • It resulted in thousands of Bangladeshi crossing over Indian borders illegally.

  • Many states of India like Assam, West Bengal started facing the pressure of increasing population due to this illegal immigration that too at a time when India was striving for large scale poverty alleviation.

So finally after the failure of the international community, especially the US respond to India’s concern, Indira Gandhi took a decision to send Indian military to Bangladesh. Indian army trained most of the Mukti Bahini volunteers to fight the Pakistani army.

Indian military formally launched the war on Pakistan on 6th December 1971 led by General Manek Shaw. Pakistan apart from fighting with the Indian army tried to gather sympathy of the international community against India. Pakistan tried to voice its concern in United Nation General Assembly and accused India of interfering in internal affairs. But, due to the presence of mind of Indian diplomats, it failed.

It was the last days of the war when Indian diplomats contacted the Indian army to know the situation of war and thereby to think of ways to handle the situation in UN General Assembly. When General Manek shah told them that army needed 24 hours to end the war, Indian diplomats purposely made a very long speech so that most of the time could be consumed in the reading of the speech in English along with its translation in other 4 languages. Indian diplomats could succeed in preventing Pakistan to present their case in UNGA. Before Pakistan could turn up, Indian army declared a ceasefire on 16th December 1971, liberating Bangladesh successfully.

Meanwhile, timely ceasefire also prevented USAs 9th Naval fleet from entering Bay of Bengal who came very near to Bangladesh coast but had to return without helping Pakistan. This also tested the base of Indo-USSR friendship treaty signed in the same year as USSR also deployed its navy in the Indian ocean to deter US navy’s help against India. Not only this, it also warned China to keep out of the conflict, thus avoiding turning the war between India and Pakistan into a global conflict which ultimately helped India to win the war.

War ended with Shimla agreement where two countries accepted that any future resolution of conflict will be solved only through a bilateral mechanism without any outside involvement. According to analysts it was again diplomatic failure of India because Pakistan never remained committed to terms of Shimla Agreement and tried to internationalise issue whenever and wherever possible. 

In 1974, during Indira Gandhi regime, under operation Smiling Buddha, India successfully tested nuclear weapon in Pokhran. In 1998, India successfully tested nuclear weapon under operation Shakti in Pokhran.

This led even Pakistan to go for testing nuclear weapons (with clandestine help from China). It triggered the race of nuclear weapons in South Asia.

India-Pakistan 1999 Kargil War

Pakistan took up arms against India by occupying Siachen glacier in Kashmir. It is again linked to the demarcation of territory. Due to mountainous terrain, line of control is not defined properly. For the first time friends of Pakistan i.e US and China supported India’s stand and asked Pakistan to respect LoC and refrain from using violence. The war was finally won by India.

india pakistan war
MAP

Till now the present situation is that India considers Kashmir as its integral part. Pakistan rejects India’s claim. According to them Maharaja Harisingh’s decision to accede to India was taken under pressure and it does not reflect the will of the people. Although minorities in India are very well integrated in India as well as Indian constitution grants special protection to them but view of Pakistan is that Muslims are at a disadvantage in India. Also, Pakistan is involved in sponsoring terrorism in India. Pakistan believes that increasing violence in Kashmir shows that people in Kashmir do not want to remain in India and consider this as freedom struggle of Kashmiris.

Latest on Kashmir issue, follow the link Kashmir Issue and Article 370 Explanation

india pakistan 1965 warindia pakistan 1971 warIndia Pakistan Warindia pakistan war 1999
previous post
AFSPA – The Controversial Law
next post
Singapore Democracy – First World Nation

Related Articles

Russian Revolution

10th January 2021

GST explained with examples – Goods and Services...

3rd January 2021

The Soviet Union Collapse and End of Cold...

30th December 2020

French Revolution – What happened?

3rd December 2020

American Revolution Summary

28th November 2020

Israel Palestine Conflict

21st October 2020

South Korea vs North Korea

12th September 2020

World War 2 Summary (1939 to 1945)

9th July 2020

World Politics and Nuclear Energy

5th July 2020

UN honours Kerala health Minister K.K Shailaja –...

4th July 2020

1 comment

Nitin Sharma 25th November 2019 - 4:27 pm

Explained in an easy language

Reply

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Popular Posts

  • 1

    European Union

    20th October 2019
  • 2

    Sunni and Shia Differences and ISIS Conflict

    1st October 2019
  • 3

    Singapore Democracy – First World Nation

    22nd September 2019
  • 4

    Uniform Civil Code In India

    14th September 2019
  • 5

    US President Election and Impeachment Process

    20th January 2021

Recent Comments

  • naim izle on What is IMF? – International Monetary Fund
  • full hd tek parça izle on French Revolution – What happened?
  • web-dl on What is OPEC?
  • bahis on teamLab Borderless, Tokyo – Japan
  • Ranjna chawla on Who was Plato?

Archives

  • January 2021
  • December 2020
  • November 2020
  • October 2020
  • September 2020
  • July 2020
  • June 2020
  • October 2019
  • September 2019

Categories

  • Economics
  • Editor's Picks
  • In pictures
  • India
  • Intl. Organisations
  • Miscellaneous
  • Personalities
  • Science & Tech
  • Theory / Facts
  • Topics
  • Travel
  • World
  • World History

Subscribe Newsletter

Subscribe my Newsletter for new blog posts, tips & new photos. Let's stay updated!

Editor’s Picks

  • International Organisations List

    7th October 2020

Instagram

Instagram

Recent Posts

  • US President Election and Impeachment Process

    20th January 2021
  • Karl Marx – Defining Communism

    17th January 2021
  • Russian Revolution

    10th January 2021
  • Who was Plato?

    6th January 2021
  • GST explained with examples – Goods and Services tax

    3rd January 2021

Posts Slider

US President Election and Impeachment Process

20th Jan 2021

Karl Marx – Defining Communism

17th Jan 2021

Russian Revolution

10th Jan 2021

Who was Plato?

6th Jan 2021

GST explained with examples – Goods and Services...

3rd Jan 2021

The Soviet Union Collapse and End of Cold...

30th Dec 2020

CRISPR Nobel Prize 2020 – What is it...

27th Dec 2020

Who is Confucius? Confucius Quotes and Teachings

22nd Dec 2020

Evolution of Western Political Thought

19th Dec 2020

Best Animated Movies

17th Dec 2020

Emotional Intelligence Meaning

13th Dec 2020

What is Game Theory in Politics?

10th Dec 2020

United Nations Organization

8th Dec 2020

French Revolution – What happened?

3rd Dec 2020

American Revolution Summary

28th Nov 2020

Quote

"unexamined life is not worth living" - SOCRATES

"law is a reason free from passions"- ARISTOTLE

"he who wishes to be obeyed must know how to command"- MACHIAVELLI

"be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle"- PLATO

"prepare for the worst; expect the best; and take what comes"- HANNAH ARENDT

"he who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that"- J S MILL

Instagram Feed

polscienceweb

Instagram Feed

—— Fushimi Inari Shrine Kyoto, Japan Torii ga ——
Fushimi Inari Shrine Kyoto, Japan

Torii gate is a traditional Japanese gate, often painted bright red -orange in colour. It symbolically marks the transition from ordinary space to sacred. 

Pic 3 is a souvenir from Japan with wishes written on it. Torri stands for sacredness. 

The primary reason most foreign visitors come to Fushimi Inari shrine is to explore the mountain trails, but shrine buildings are also attractive.

For the article (with a map image of the shrine), link in bio or copy-paste
https://bit.ly/2Y3SBnV

#japan #japanese #travel #travelgram #travelphotography #sacred #shrine #tourism #kyoto #instagramjapan #beautiful #souvenir #instagood #vacation #instatravel #explore #travelling #adventure #visitjapan
--- United States presidential election and impeac ---
United States presidential election and impeachment process 

For complete information link in bio or copy paste
https://bit.ly/39L7eC1

#news #president #election #america #usa #unitedstates #blog #politics #republican #democrat #study #studygram #washington #blogger #facts #knowledge #gk #currentaffairs #fact #truth
--- United States presidential election and impea ---

United States presidential election and impeachment process

COMING SOON

#news #president #election #america #usa #unitedstates #blog #politics #republican #democrat #study #studygram #washington #blogger #facts #knowledge #gk #currentaffairs #politicalscience
---- Can one single idea solve the riddle of the h ----
Can one single idea solve the riddle of the human experience? Marx inspired one of the most rigid ideologies in history.

Karl Marx - Defining Communism - For the complete article link in bio or copy paste 
https://bit.ly/2LYD5a8

#politics #history #ideology #study #studygram #politicalscience #political #socialism #capitalism #equality #liberal
#russia #usa #communism #philosophy #philosopher #ideas #liberty #marxism #hero #villain
---- COMING SOON #politics #history #ideology # ----

COMING SOON 

#politics #history #ideology #study #studygram #politicalscience #political #socialism #capitalism #equality #liberal
—— Russian Revolution - How could the mighty r ——
Russian Revolution - How could the mighty royal family of Russia, the Romanov dynasty, the tsars that had control over everything, that lasted for 300 years, fall ?

At the heart of Russian revolution lay a very personal battle between Lenin’s family and the royal family. What actually happened..... one wonders...

For complete article on Russian Revolution - Formation of communist state - find the link in bio or copy paste
https://bit.ly/3q5oVCB

#history #worldhistory #russia #revolution #studygram #knowledge #study #blogger #russianrevolution #historyfacts
—— 427 – 347 BC – Plato is known as the fa ——
427 – 347 BC – Plato is known as the father of political philosophy – Plato was a significant figure in Ancient Greece. His greatest student, Aristotle, was as influential as he was.

Pic 4 - Plato and Aristotle
Pic 5 - Ancient Athens 
Pic 6 - Athens Today

For the complete article - WHO WAS PLATO?- His teachings and Famous quotes - click the link in the bio or copy paste 
https://bit.ly/3nqyJFv

#politicalscience #politics #greece #athens #acropolis #study #philosophy #philosophers #plato #history #ancient #ancienthistory #ancientgreece
—— Courage is fear that has said it’s prayer ——
Courage is fear that has said it’s prayers

#quotes #quotestagram #quote #quoteoftheday #quotestoliveby #courage #quotesoftheday #prayers #rain
—— GST in India - explained with example - Goo ——
GST in India - explained with example - Goods and Service Tax 
( 📷 Atharva Tulsi )

For complete article link in the bio or copy paste 
https://bit.ly/3n3pDyw

#India #economics #economy #indianeconomy #indian
—— ( 📷 teamLab ) teamLab is taking over Ib —— 
( 📷 teamLab )
teamLab is taking over Ibaraki’s Kairakuen Garden for two months in early 2021. The Japanese garden will be filled with teamLab installations from Feb to March. 

It will transform the garden into an interactive art space that constantly shifts and changes according to the number of people passing through.

teamLab Borderless is a different level of next generation creativity at the display. People visiting Japan must go and see this modern art. Illusions interact with you. 

For images, videos and complete information link in the bio or copy paste 
https://bit.ly/2KSyAgT

#teamlab #teamlabborderless #japan #japanese #visualart #creativity #crystals #tokyo #art #travelphotography #travel #travelblogger #travelgram #traveladdict #traveldiaries #travelblog #lights #exhibition #instatravel #instagramjapan #japan #japantravel
Load More... Follow on Instagram
  • India
  • World
  • World History
  • Intl. Organisations

@2017 All Right Reserved HOME