Popular
What is the Wassenaar Arrangement?
Recognizing Gaslighting
What is China’s ‘Wolf Warrior’ Diplomacy?
Latest on Tunisia and Arab Spring
What are VPNs, and why are they in the news always?
Few terms coming up in focus to understand the troubled global economy
U.S. Fed interest rate hike and its impact on India
Dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan – The past and the present 
Why are special drawing rights (SDR) in the news always?
The world faces a growing stagflationary storm
Politics Science News
  • Home
  • Topics
    • Economics Environment Global Reports/Agreements In pictures Intl. Organisations Personalities Politics Science & Tech Theory / Facts World World History All
      Economics

      Few terms coming up in focus to understand…

      29th July 2022

      Economics

      Why are special drawing rights (SDR) in the…

      23rd May 2022

      Economics

      The world faces a growing stagflationary storm

      5th May 2022

      Economics

      What is and Why De-Dollarisation?

      22nd April 2022

      Economics

      Explained – The U.S. Federal Reserve to increase…

      8th February 2022

      Economics

      All you need to know about the Natural…

      24th January 2022

      Economics

      The Truth about “Tax the Rich”

      27th December 2021

      Economics

      Venezuela Crisis

      2nd October 2021

      Environment

      World Air Quality Report 

      28th March 2022

      Environment

      Why should we be worried about topsoil erosion?

      21st March 2022

      Environment

      Effects of Climate Change

      30th July 2021

      Environment

      Implications of a Tragic Love Story – Coral…

      4th June 2021

      Global Reports/Agreements

      IPCC Report 2022

      8th March 2022

      Global Reports/Agreements

      The Climate Change Negotiations – UNFCCC and Paris…

      3rd August 2021

      Global Reports/Agreements

      Understanding World Happiness Report

      15th April 2021

      In pictures

      World War 2 Summary (1939 to 1945)

      9th July 2020

      In pictures

      World War I – 1914-1918

      30th June 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      What is the Wassenaar Arrangement?

      5th January 2023

      Intl. Organisations

      International Energy Agency (IEA)

      15th April 2022

      Intl. Organisations

      Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

      12th April 2022

      Intl. Organisations

      United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)

      10th April 2022

      Intl. Organisations

      What is the G20 Summit?

      31st October 2021

      Intl. Organisations

      What is QUAD? | Quadrilateral Security Dialogue

      10th October 2021

      Intl. Organisations

      SCO – What is Shanghai Cooperation Organisation?

      28th September 2021

      Intl. Organisations

      G7 GROUP

      24th September 2021

      Personalities

      Gramsci Prison Notebooks

      18th November 2021

      Personalities

      John Stuart Mill: Theories

      10th September 2021

      Personalities

      Understanding Rousseau, Jean-Jacques

      4th July 2021

      Personalities

      John Locke – Father of Liberalism

      14th June 2021

      Personalities

      Hobbes Leviathan – Political Philosophy of Hobbes

      22nd May 2021

      Personalities

      Chanakya Strategies in administration

      30th March 2021

      Personalities

      Who was Machiavelli? – The Prince Summary and…

      3rd March 2021

      Personalities

      Aristotle – A Greek Philosopher

      25th January 2021

      Politics

      What is China’s ‘Wolf Warrior’ Diplomacy?

      21st October 2022

      Politics

      Latest on Tunisia and Arab Spring

      18th August 2022

      Politics

      Dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan – The past…

      27th May 2022

      Politics

      Sudan’s Nightmare: The Conflict Explained

      9th January 2022

      Politics

      What’s happening between Ukraine and Russia?

      12th December 2021

      Politics

      China Taiwan Conflict

      7th October 2021

      Politics

      Taliban taking over Afghanistan

      18th August 2021

      Politics

      Armenian Genocide – What Happened?

      24th April 2021

      Science & Tech

      What are VPNs, and why are they in…

      29th July 2022

      Science & Tech

      Does Splinternet mean the end of the Internet?

      6th April 2022

      Science & Tech

      What you must know about the world’s first…

      2nd January 2022

      Science & Tech

      Omicron: Everything you need to know about COVID-19…

      5th December 2021

      Science & Tech

      Dopamine Happy Hormone

      14th August 2021

      Science & Tech

      How to avoid trans fat?

      7th August 2021

      Science & Tech

      Mental Health during the COVID19 pandemic 

      27th June 2021

      Science & Tech

      CRISPR Nobel Prize 2020 – What is it…

      27th December 2020

      Theory / Facts

      What is Fascism?

      21st July 2021

      Theory / Facts

      Banality of Evil

      14th July 2021

      Theory / Facts

      Evolution of Western Political Thought

      19th December 2020

      Theory / Facts

      What is Game Theory in Politics?

      10th December 2020

      Theory / Facts

      Demarcation of Powers and Responsibilities

      13th September 2019

      Theory / Facts

      Realist vs Idealist

      2nd September 2019

      World

      The Truth about Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster

      28th February 2022

      World

      Djokovic Visa Controversy – More Than What Meets…

      17th January 2022

      World

      Happiest Countries in the World – Top 10

      5th April 2021

      World

      5 Women making history in 2021 – Women…

      21st March 2021

      World

      Five demonstrations that changed history

      5th February 2021

      World

      Myanmar Story

      2nd February 2021

      World

      India and Global Nuclear Order

      31st January 2021

      World

      Nuclear Proliferation

      30th January 2021

      World History

      Israel Palestine Conflict

      11th May 2021

      World History

      What is Cold War? – Cold War Summary

      11th February 2021

      World History

      Russian Revolution

      10th January 2021

      World History

      The Soviet Union Collapse and End of Cold…

      30th December 2020

      World History

      French Revolution – What happened?

      3rd December 2020

      World History

      American Revolution Summary

      28th November 2020

      World History

      South Korea vs North Korea

      12th September 2020

      World History

      World War 2 Summary (1939 to 1945)

      9th July 2020

      Topics

      What is the Wassenaar Arrangement?

      5th January 2023

      Topics

      What is China’s ‘Wolf Warrior’ Diplomacy?

      21st October 2022

      Topics

      Latest on Tunisia and Arab Spring

      18th August 2022

      Topics

      What are VPNs, and why are they in…

      29th July 2022

      Topics

      Few terms coming up in focus to understand…

      29th July 2022

      Topics

      Dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan – The past…

      27th May 2022

      Topics

      Why are special drawing rights (SDR) in the…

      23rd May 2022

      Topics

      The world faces a growing stagflationary storm

      5th May 2022

  • NewsFeed
  • Miscellaneous
  • Videos
  • Archives
Personalities

John Locke – Father of Liberalism

by Admin 14th June 2021
14th June 2021

Background

The period of the Renaissance in European history (14th Century to 17th century) showed the advancement in literature, culture, architecture. It gave new meaning to art and the development of society. 

During the Renaissance, less attention was given to supernatural and religious themes and more thought to humanity and human interaction.

Following the Renaissance period came the enlightenment period (17th and 18th century). This period produced books, scientific discoveries, industrialisation, and, not to forget revolutions ( the French and American Revolution were directly influenced by new ideas – new ideas to make conditions better for humankind ).

The enlightenment thinkers gave importance to science, reason, religious tolerance, and developed theories on how to govern and be governed to help create better societies and better people. This period is the turning point as new principles came and became powerful legacies of Locke, Newton, and Voltaire, etc. 


The time before the Renaissance, often referred to as the medieval era or middle ages, was dominated by Church, religion, and feudal lords. The culture of feudalism where feudal lords who were at top of the hierarchy owned lands, and peasants at the bottom, worked and fought for them. During the Renaissance, people were more freer and began to doubt and develop new ideas.

After enlightenment came liberalism. How so and why? The Enlightenment movement established that man is rational. Since man is rational, he should be given the opportunity to questions customs, religion, Church, etc. To do that man can be given rights – the right to question the culture and tradition. So liberalism believes in the concept of the rational man. Hence in liberal societies, the change in politics is through the method of dialogue rather than the method of violence. 

Therefore, liberal countries go for the adoption of the theory of social contract by creating a constitution that is made by man, not God. So you do not live under God-made laws (medieval era theory or maybe theocratic states) but man-made laws. That is why their constitution says “We the people”.

Secondly, rights are given to man. These rights limit the powers of the State.


Political Learning

Theocracy is that type of government that uses the power of religious texts to make laws as well as guide government decisions e.g Saudi Arabia. 

John Locke ( 1632 – 1704 )

Before Locke, there was Thomas Hobbes who said there is a need for common authority i.e. State, who should govern the people. Both were English philosophers. So, to understand Locke, we need to discuss Hobbes. 

John Locke

Hobbes created an absolute State with no power in the hands of the people whereas Locke believed in a limited State i.e. a State with a minimum role (only to maintain law and order) with power majorly in hands of the people in the form of rights. 

For complete article on Hobbes – Click here

Locke is not ready to accept that any rational person will transfer all of his rights to the State and will prefer State absolutism. 

Works of John Locke

His books are known as the two treatises on civil government. 

John Locke Books

Content of Ist treatise on civil government – Locke in his first treatise on civil government, has attacked Robert Filmer. Locke wanted to criticize Hobbes because he gave the theory of State absolutism. But Locke was a person with a practical bent of mind. Hobbes’s books already became very controversial. So he did not want to mention his name. He did not want to land up in any sort of controversy. Instead of attacking Hobbes directly, he directed his criticism against Filmer who had also justified State absolutism. 


Political Learning 

Filmer also says that the State is the representative of God. Filmer is still relying upon medieval theory. There are two philosophies that justify private property. One is capitalism, but they justify on a rational basis. Another is conservatism or rightist. They justify based on tradition. So Filmer’s concept is conservative.

Content of 2nd treatise on civil government

Locke has witnessed a more stable phase in British politics and especially the glorious Revolution. Hence his description of human nature is not as pessimistic as that of Hobbes. 

According to Locke, man is self-centered by nature, but man is rational enough to understand that to serve self-interest, one has to take care of the interest of others. The reason in a man tells him not to harm others. In Locke – reason and passion are present in a balanced way.

State of nature– State of nature is a hypothetical concept to show the state of human life if they are left naturally i.e. when there is no government. As per Hobbes, the State of nature is a state of war as man has no reason, but Locke describes the State of nature as a state of peace. The two scholars take two different views of human nature based on their experiences.

Since the State of nature was a state of war for Hobbes, that is why he prescribes that government and central authority should be there. But for Locke, man was enjoying rights in the State of nature. The presence of reason in man, made him respect the right to life, liberty, and property. So why Locke suggests the need for government?

Locke suggests so because when there is no common authority, every person is a lawmaker, executive, and judge. Reason suggests that no one should be a judge in his own case. Hence to remove the inconvenience, Locke says man enters into a social contract to create a government. 

What inconveniences – Since everyone is understanding the reason and law in their own way, it will create confusion because of multiple interpretations which are not convenient for capitalism. Therefore government was needed. 

Moreover, it is rational not to leave things on goodwill. For example, a rational person will take insurance. Similarly, for capitalists, it is rationality on their part to create a government – State, a tool of convenience.


Political Learning 

Locke also gave the theory of separation of powers – between the three branches of government – Legislatures, Executive, and Judiciary. As reason commands that they should not be fused or concentrated.

What type of State or government will come into existence? Since State or government is just a tool of convenience rather than an absolute necessity, Locke will give only limited powers to the State.

Man has transferred only three right : Right to make law , Right to execute the law , and Right to adjudicate Law.

Man has not transferred all the natural rights – the right to life, liberty, and property. These rights are fundamental rights, fundamental to human existence given to every man by God. Even a State cannot make laws that limit these rights. 

the natural rights – the right to life, liberty, and property.

Political Learning 

In the US, there are absolute rights. There is Freedom of speech and expression (freedom of the press) that assumes you are living in a society where people are rational, where people respect my freedom of speech and yours. This freedom means that I should be tolerant of those with whom I disagree.  

As per the statement of Voltaire – I will protect and defend your right to speak even at the cost of my life. 

The doctrine of waiver is a USA doctrine – You can give up your rights voluntarily, otherwise, nobody can take it away from you. 


Political Learning 

He is also talking about equality as modern scholars had started talking about it. The same thing is repeated in the US declaration that God has created all men free and equal.

The right to equality and the right to freedom is natural rights. So no one ought to harm anybody’s life, liberty, property, and health. It means everyone was having these rights even when the State was not created. Therefore, they are natural rights. The State has not created these rights.

The modified version is there in the US declaration of Independence that God has created everyone equal and free and given everyone the right to life, liberty, and pursuit for happiness. Private property is necessary for the pursuit of happiness which is the ultimate end of life. Locke is the source of inspiration to the founding fathers of the USA constitution. 

Locke on law and liberty 

His Statement – No Law, No Liberty – We do not expect this statement from Locke but he means natural law, not State law. 

In the State of nature, man was enjoying liberty because of the presence of natural law i.e. reason. According to Locke, reason in man instructs him not to have the life, liberty, and property of other people.

How liberty is ensured even after creating the State? Even after a State or government is created, man continues to enjoy liberty. why? This is because man has not transferred his life, liberty, and property to the State. Man’s rights remained ensured because the state cannot make any such law that limits these liberties. The law made by the State has to conform to the principle of natural law or reason. Any law that goes against reason will not have validity. 


Political Learning 

The right to liberty ensures that man is not subject to arrest and detention except as provided for by law.

Thus we see the emergence of the doctrine of ‘due process of law’. The phrase originated in the USA. It empowers the judiciary to even examine the fairness of law that seeks to deprive an individual of its liberty. 

For example – when somebody’s detention is challenged before the court. The court first examines whether the executive has been authorized by law to take such an action. Secondly, whether the law has been passed by the competent legislature by following the procedural formalities. Thirdly, whether the law is just, fair and reasonable by applying the principles of natural justice. The judiciary can protect the individuals not only against the arbitrary action of the executive but against the legislature too.

On the other hand, there is a “ procedure established by law” that is followed in England. Under this doctrine, if a person is arrested and detained and is deprived of his life and liberty and his detention is challenged before the court of law, the court will first examine whether there exist any law passed by the legislature that authorizes the executive to deprive the individual of his life and liberty. If such a law is found then the judiciary will examine whether the legislature that passed the law has the competence to pass such a law as per procedures. If the above two conditions are satisfied, the court upholds the detention of the person and will not go behind the intentions of the law and does not test it in terms of being just, fair and reasonable. Thus judiciary protects the individual only against arbitrary action of the executive. 

Theory of Property

Locke discusses this in detail – According to him the most important fundamental right.

Locke uses the right to property in an inclusive sense to include life and liberty. He does so because these rights are man’s property only. If a person does not have property, life and liberty carry no significance as the purpose of life is to lead a good happy life, and property is the source for that.

Locke says that the right to property is a natural right or given by God. God has created Apple, milk, and meat. God has created these things so that man can eat, drink and be happy. God has given life to man. God wants man to be happy.


Political Learning 

The earlier theory says that God has punished Adam for eating the apple. But Locke refutes this and states that God has created all these things not because a man should sacrifice and not eat, but God wants him to eat as God has no enmity with humans. 

Ancient philosopher Buddha teaches us to leave State, power, and aim for moksha. Indian philosophy or way of life is fasting and sacrifice. Materialism is not given any importance.  

But ultimately, the material world is the real world. Therefore, Locke and others are bigger philosophers. West has progressed because they are very practical and scientific in their attitudes. We also accept their way is best considering their progress.

The Communist argument is that property is common. Locke agrees that this was in the beginning but common sense says that it will not remain common as the population will increase thereby leadin to gap in demand and supply. 

He called the State a night watchman. The chief purpose for which man has created a State is the preservation of property. The only function State has is to protect the property by establishing law and order.

John Locke as a thinker

John Locke is a scholar of possessive individualism. It is a philosophy that is based on the belief that the achievements of men are because of his own efforts and man need not pay back to society.

He is not talking about the rights of the poor. That is why he is known as a scholar of possessive individualism. He is a scholar of the capitalist class. Poor would want the State to have power, take the property, and distribute. His theory of democracy serves the interest of the propertied class. His theory limits the government.

No one talked about the property as much as Locke. So capitalists made him the father. 


Political Learning 

According to Locke, the State should take minimum tax as State is only like a night watchman. Later on, in capitalism came the concept of the welfare state. So from the welfare state, they have changed the concept from possessive individualism to social individualism. They emphasize man is social and society contributes to our well-being. That is why came the concept of Corporate social responsibility (CSR) – where private business houses contribute to societal goals. 

Features of Liberal State

When talking about the liberty of man, we are limiting the authority of the State. As political ideology liberalism stands for a limited State. 

  • Provision for Fundamental rights, 
  • Rule of Law, 
  • Representative Government, 
  • Separation of powers, 
  • Secularism / toleration / peaceful co-existence, 
  • Peaceful methods of changing the persons in the ruling structure. 

In liberal countries constitution is the product of an act of man ( social contract rather than given by God ). The USA is nearest to the idea of a liberal State. We can see Lockian’s ideas in operations in the USA. 

So how liberal is your country today?

John Locke – Image: Source
John LockeJohn Locke - Father of LiberalismJohn Locke Natural RightsJohn Locke Theory
previous post
Implications of a Tragic Love Story – Coral and Algae
next post
Mental Health during the COVID19 pandemic 

Related Articles

Gramsci Prison Notebooks

18th November 2021

John Stuart Mill: Theories

10th September 2021

Understanding Rousseau, Jean-Jacques

4th July 2021

Hobbes Leviathan – Political Philosophy of Hobbes

22nd May 2021

Chanakya Strategies in administration

30th March 2021

Who was Machiavelli? – The Prince Summary and...

3rd March 2021

Aristotle – A Greek Philosopher

25th January 2021

Karl Marx – Defining Communism

17th January 2021

Who was Plato?

6th January 2021

Who is Confucius? Confucius Quotes and Teachings

22nd December 2020

Recent Posts

  • What is the Wassenaar Arrangement?

    5th January 2023
  • Recognizing Gaslighting

    10th December 2022
  • What is China’s ‘Wolf Warrior’ Diplomacy?

    21st October 2022
  • Latest on Tunisia and Arab Spring

    18th August 2022
  • What are VPNs, and why are they in the news always?

    29th July 2022

Subscribe Newsletter

Subscribe my Newsletter for new blog posts, tips & new photos. Let's stay updated!

NewsFeed

  • After 50,000 years, a ‘green comet’ will approach the planet

    27th January 2023
  • 2023 UN World Social Report

    20th January 2023
  • Global Risk Report 2023

    16th January 2023
  • What is a recession?

    13th January 2023
  • Tokyo is crowded that the government is paying families to relocate

    10th January 2023
  • Green Hydrogen Explained

    7th January 2023
  • Why is Ozempic trending on TikTok?

    4th January 2023
  • Watch out for these five space exploration missions in 2023

    1st January 2023
  • Know about recession and the yield curve

    29th December 2022
  • Artificial intelligence tool called ChatGPT 

    27th December 2022

Article Archives

Editor’s Picks

  • International Organisations List

    7th October 2020

Social Counter

facebook Like
instagram Follow Us

Popular Posts

  • 1

    World Economic Forum (WEF)

    27th January 2021
  • 2

    China Taiwan Conflict

    7th October 2021
  • 3

    European Union

    20th October 2019
  • 4

    Sunni and Shia Differences and ISIS Conflict

    1st October 2019
  • 5

    Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict

    9th October 2020

Posts Slider

What is the Wassenaar Arrangement?

5th January 2023

Recognizing Gaslighting

10th December 2022

What is China’s ‘Wolf Warrior’ Diplomacy?

21st October 2022

Latest on Tunisia and Arab Spring

18th August 2022

What are VPNs, and why are they in...

29th July 2022

Few terms coming up in focus to understand...

29th July 2022

U.S. Fed interest rate hike and its impact...

17th June 2022

Dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan – The past...

27th May 2022

Why are special drawing rights (SDR) in the...

23rd May 2022

The world faces a growing stagflationary storm

5th May 2022

What is and Why De-Dollarisation?

22nd April 2022

International Energy Agency (IEA)

15th April 2022

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

12th April 2022

United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)

10th April 2022

Does Splinternet mean the end of the Internet?

6th April 2022

Quote

"unexamined life is not worth living" - SOCRATES

"law is a reason free from passions"- ARISTOTLE

"he who wishes to be obeyed must know how to command"- MACHIAVELLI

"be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle"- PLATO

"prepare for the worst; expect the best; and take what comes"- HANNAH ARENDT

"he who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that"- J S MILL

  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • Youtube
  • Topics
  • NEWSFEED
  • Videos
  • Miscellaneous
  • Contact
  • Privacy Policy

@2022 All Right Reserved

Politics Science News
  • Home
  • Topics
    • Economics Environment Global Reports/Agreements In pictures Intl. Organisations Personalities Politics Science & Tech Theory / Facts World World History All
      Economics

      Few terms coming up in focus to understand…

      29th July 2022

      Economics

      Why are special drawing rights (SDR) in the…

      23rd May 2022

      Economics

      The world faces a growing stagflationary storm

      5th May 2022

      Economics

      What is and Why De-Dollarisation?

      22nd April 2022

      Economics

      Explained – The U.S. Federal Reserve to increase…

      8th February 2022

      Economics

      All you need to know about the Natural…

      24th January 2022

      Economics

      The Truth about “Tax the Rich”

      27th December 2021

      Economics

      Venezuela Crisis

      2nd October 2021

      Environment

      World Air Quality Report 

      28th March 2022

      Environment

      Why should we be worried about topsoil erosion?

      21st March 2022

      Environment

      Effects of Climate Change

      30th July 2021

      Environment

      Implications of a Tragic Love Story – Coral…

      4th June 2021

      Global Reports/Agreements

      IPCC Report 2022

      8th March 2022

      Global Reports/Agreements

      The Climate Change Negotiations – UNFCCC and Paris…

      3rd August 2021

      Global Reports/Agreements

      Understanding World Happiness Report

      15th April 2021

      In pictures

      World War 2 Summary (1939 to 1945)

      9th July 2020

      In pictures

      World War I – 1914-1918

      30th June 2020

      Intl. Organisations

      What is the Wassenaar Arrangement?

      5th January 2023

      Intl. Organisations

      International Energy Agency (IEA)

      15th April 2022

      Intl. Organisations

      Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

      12th April 2022

      Intl. Organisations

      United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)

      10th April 2022

      Intl. Organisations

      What is the G20 Summit?

      31st October 2021

      Intl. Organisations

      What is QUAD? | Quadrilateral Security Dialogue

      10th October 2021

      Intl. Organisations

      SCO – What is Shanghai Cooperation Organisation?

      28th September 2021

      Intl. Organisations

      G7 GROUP

      24th September 2021

      Personalities

      Gramsci Prison Notebooks

      18th November 2021

      Personalities

      John Stuart Mill: Theories

      10th September 2021

      Personalities

      Understanding Rousseau, Jean-Jacques

      4th July 2021

      Personalities

      John Locke – Father of Liberalism

      14th June 2021

      Personalities

      Hobbes Leviathan – Political Philosophy of Hobbes

      22nd May 2021

      Personalities

      Chanakya Strategies in administration

      30th March 2021

      Personalities

      Who was Machiavelli? – The Prince Summary and…

      3rd March 2021

      Personalities

      Aristotle – A Greek Philosopher

      25th January 2021

      Politics

      What is China’s ‘Wolf Warrior’ Diplomacy?

      21st October 2022

      Politics

      Latest on Tunisia and Arab Spring

      18th August 2022

      Politics

      Dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan – The past…

      27th May 2022

      Politics

      Sudan’s Nightmare: The Conflict Explained

      9th January 2022

      Politics

      What’s happening between Ukraine and Russia?

      12th December 2021

      Politics

      China Taiwan Conflict

      7th October 2021

      Politics

      Taliban taking over Afghanistan

      18th August 2021

      Politics

      Armenian Genocide – What Happened?

      24th April 2021

      Science & Tech

      What are VPNs, and why are they in…

      29th July 2022

      Science & Tech

      Does Splinternet mean the end of the Internet?

      6th April 2022

      Science & Tech

      What you must know about the world’s first…

      2nd January 2022

      Science & Tech

      Omicron: Everything you need to know about COVID-19…

      5th December 2021

      Science & Tech

      Dopamine Happy Hormone

      14th August 2021

      Science & Tech

      How to avoid trans fat?

      7th August 2021

      Science & Tech

      Mental Health during the COVID19 pandemic 

      27th June 2021

      Science & Tech

      CRISPR Nobel Prize 2020 – What is it…

      27th December 2020

      Theory / Facts

      What is Fascism?

      21st July 2021

      Theory / Facts

      Banality of Evil

      14th July 2021

      Theory / Facts

      Evolution of Western Political Thought

      19th December 2020

      Theory / Facts

      What is Game Theory in Politics?

      10th December 2020

      Theory / Facts

      Demarcation of Powers and Responsibilities

      13th September 2019

      Theory / Facts

      Realist vs Idealist

      2nd September 2019

      World

      The Truth about Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster

      28th February 2022

      World

      Djokovic Visa Controversy – More Than What Meets…

      17th January 2022

      World

      Happiest Countries in the World – Top 10

      5th April 2021

      World

      5 Women making history in 2021 – Women…

      21st March 2021

      World

      Five demonstrations that changed history

      5th February 2021

      World

      Myanmar Story

      2nd February 2021

      World

      India and Global Nuclear Order

      31st January 2021

      World

      Nuclear Proliferation

      30th January 2021

      World History

      Israel Palestine Conflict

      11th May 2021

      World History

      What is Cold War? – Cold War Summary

      11th February 2021

      World History

      Russian Revolution

      10th January 2021

      World History

      The Soviet Union Collapse and End of Cold…

      30th December 2020

      World History

      French Revolution – What happened?

      3rd December 2020

      World History

      American Revolution Summary

      28th November 2020

      World History

      South Korea vs North Korea

      12th September 2020

      World History

      World War 2 Summary (1939 to 1945)

      9th July 2020

      Topics

      What is the Wassenaar Arrangement?

      5th January 2023

      Topics

      What is China’s ‘Wolf Warrior’ Diplomacy?

      21st October 2022

      Topics

      Latest on Tunisia and Arab Spring

      18th August 2022

      Topics

      What are VPNs, and why are they in…

      29th July 2022

      Topics

      Few terms coming up in focus to understand…

      29th July 2022

      Topics

      Dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan – The past…

      27th May 2022

      Topics

      Why are special drawing rights (SDR) in the…

      23rd May 2022

      Topics

      The world faces a growing stagflationary storm

      5th May 2022

  • NewsFeed
  • Miscellaneous
  • Videos
  • Archives